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Impact-induced transition from damage to perforation.

Attia Batool1, Gergő Pál1, Ferenc Kun1

  • 1Department of Theoretical Physics, Doctoral School of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, P.O. Box 400, H-4002 Debrecen, Hungary and Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Atomki), P.O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary.

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Summary

This study models impact-induced fracture in heterogeneous materials. Increasing impact energy causes a transition from damage to complete perforation, similar to phase transitions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Physics
  • Mechanical Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding material failure under dynamic loading is crucial for engineering safety.
  • Heterogeneous materials exhibit complex fracture behaviors due to internal variations.
  • Previous models often simplify the fracture process, limiting predictive accuracy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate impact-induced damage and fracture in heterogeneous bars.
  • To model the transition from material damage to complete perforation with increasing impact energy.
  • To analyze the critical phenomena and scaling laws governing this transition.

Main Methods:

  • A simplified computational model representing a bar as two rigid blocks with a breakable interface.
  • Simulating fracture initiation via impactor collision on a clamped bar specimen.
  • Analyzing the system's response across a range of impact energies and disorder levels.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct phases identified: damage without perforation at low energies, and complete perforation at high energies.
  • The damage-to-perforation transition exhibits characteristics of continuous phase transitions.
  • Deformation rate diverges as power laws approaching the critical energy, with critical exponents influenced by disorder.

Conclusions:

  • The model successfully captures the energy-dependent transition from damage to perforation in heterogeneous bars.
  • The observed phase transition behavior provides insights into material failure mechanisms.
  • Disorder plays a significant role in critical exponents near the transition point, indicating a crossover phenomenon.