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Particle flow rate in silos under rotational shear.

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This study numerically reproduces granular flow in a rotating silo. For small outlets, flow rate increases with rotation; for larger ones, it shows nonmonotonic behavior due to density changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Granular Mechanics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Granular flow in silos is crucial for industrial processes.
  • Previous experiments showed complex flow rate behaviors with rotating silo bases.
  • Understanding these behaviors requires detailed numerical analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically reproduce and analyze granular flow in a rotating cylindrical silo.
  • To investigate the relationship between rotational frequency and mass flow rate for different outlet sizes.
  • To elucidate the underlying physical mechanisms driving the observed flow patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation of granular flow using a coarse-graining technique.
  • Calculation of macroscopic fields: density, momentum, and stress tensor.
  • Decomposition of mass flux into velocity and density components.
  • Analysis of kinetic stress distribution and system dilatancy.

Main Results:

  • Numerical results match experimental findings on mass flow rate (Q) versus rotational frequency (f).
  • Small outlet diameters show monotonic Q increase with f; larger diameters show nonmonotonic behavior.
  • Flow pattern transitions from funnel flow to mass flow correlate with discharge changes.
  • Nonmonotonic momentum behavior is attributed to density variations, not velocity changes.
  • Increasing rotational shear enhances kinetic pressure and dilatancy for small orifices, increasing flow rate.
  • Nonmonotonic kinetic pressure changes for large orifices explain the nonmonotonic flow rate.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms the complex interplay between rotational shear, density, and granular flow rate.
  • Numerical simulations provide a detailed understanding of flow pattern transitions and their impact on discharge.
  • Kinetic stress and dilatancy play key roles in modulating granular flow behavior in rotating silos.