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Small-amplitude ultrasound can trigger granular flows by reducing friction. This phenomenon, explained by acoustic lubrication, sheds light on landslide and earthquake triggers.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Geophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Granular flows, common in nature, are often triggered by vibrations.
  • The precise mechanisms behind granular flow initiation and behavior remain incompletely understood.
  • Understanding these triggers is crucial for predicting natural hazards like landslides and earthquakes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how nanometer-amplitude ultrasound triggers shear instability in granular layers.
  • To elucidate the role of acoustic lubrication in granular flow dynamics.
  • To connect granular flow behavior to fundamental friction models.

Main Methods:

  • Applying high-frequency, low-amplitude ultrasound to granular layers near their static threshold.
  • Observing and analyzing the resulting granular flow regimes (inertial flow, creep).
  • Investigating the influence of ultrasound removal on flow cessation.

Main Results:

  • Ultrasound successfully triggered shear instability and subsequent granular flow.
  • Observed flow exhibited either self-accelerated inertial or creeplike behavior.
  • Flowing ceased upon removal of the ultrasound.
  • The effects were attributed to shear acoustic lubrication reducing interparticle friction.

Conclusions:

  • Nanometer-amplitude ultrasound can effectively trigger granular flows through friction reduction.
  • The observed phenomena align with bistability in velocity-weakening friction models.
  • This research provides insights into seismic wave-induced landslides and earthquakes.