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The Bode plot is an essential tool in control system analysis, mapping the frequency response of a system through a magnitude plot and a phase plot, both against a logarithmic frequency axis. To construct a Bode plot, consider the transfer function H(ω):
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Phase angle and vector analysis from multifrequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis: new reference data

D Reljic1, D Zarafat2, B Jensen3

  • 1Hector-Center for Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany. dejan.reljic@uk-erlangen.de.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology : an Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society
|November 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New reference data for phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) in older adults (≥65 years) are now available. These findings highlight age and gender-specific changes in body composition and offer valuable clinical prognostic tools.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biophysics
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Phase angle (PA) and bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) are established prognostic markers.
  • A lack of reference data for older adults using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA) exists.
  • This gap limits the clinical application of PA and BIVA in geriatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish new reference values for PA and BIVA in healthy older adults (≥65 years) using SMF-BIA.
  • To investigate the influence of age and gender on PA and BIVA in this population.
  • To provide data for improved clinical assessment and monitoring in older individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 567 healthy older adults (286 men, 281 women) aged 65-97 years.
  • Measurement of PA and BIVA using segmental multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (SMF-BIA).
  • Data stratified by gender and three age groups: 65-75, 76-85, and >85 years.

Main Results:

  • New SMF-BIA-based reference values for PA and BIVA were generated for healthy older adults.
  • Mean PA values were lower in older adults compared to younger populations, with significant decreases in both genders with age.
  • Age and gender significantly influenced PA and BIVA, with the oldest group (>85 years) showing the most pronounced changes. BIVA vector points showed a downward migration, indicating reduced body cell mass.
  • The BIVA equation was modified to include age as a factor.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first SMF-BIA-determined PA and BIVA reference data for healthy individuals aged 65 years and older.
  • These reference values are crucial for accurately assessing body composition and nutritional status in the elderly.
  • The findings support the use of these data for identifying at-risk individuals and monitoring treatment effectiveness in clinical practice.