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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Author Spotlight: Using Motor Imagery Brain-Computer Interface to Improve Motor and Cognitive Function in Stroke Patients

Published on: September 1, 2023

Sensorimotor cortex beta oscillations reflect motor skill learning ability after stroke.

Svenja Espenhahn¹, Holly E Rossiter², Bernadette C M van Wijk³

¹Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Brain Communications

|November 20, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke survivors show diminished motor learning capacity but intact beta oscillations. Post-training beta rebound predicts future motor performance, suggesting neurophysiological targets for stroke rehabilitation.

Keywords:

EEG beta oscillations motor learning plasticity stroke

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Rehabilitation Medicine
Motor Control

Background:

Stroke recovery relies on motor learning, yet its capacity post-stroke is understudied.
Beta oscillations (15-30 Hz) are implicated in motor control and learning.

Purpose of the Study:

Compare motor skill acquisition and retention in well-recovered stroke patients versus healthy controls.
Investigate the role of sensorimotor beta oscillations in predicting motor training outcomes in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

Trained 18 chronic stroke survivors and 20 healthy controls on a continuous tracking task.
Recorded scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to measure beta oscillations before and after training.
Assessed motor skill retention at 45-60 minutes and 24 hours post-training.

Main Results:

Stroke patients exhibited diminished motor skill learning compared to controls.
While baseline beta oscillations were similar, stroke patients showed less change with motor learning.
Contralateral sensorimotor cortex post-movement beta rebound after training predicted 24-hour motor performance.

Conclusions:

Well-recovered stroke patients retain some motor learning capacity, albeit reduced.
Beta oscillation changes during motor learning differ between stroke survivors and controls.
Post-training beta rebound is a potential neurophysiological biomarker for predicting motor training response in chronic stroke.