Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview01:20

Pharmacokinetic Models: Overview

1.6K
Pharmacokinetic models utilize mathematical analysis to achieve a detailed quantitative understanding of a drug's life cycle within the body. They are instrumental in simulating a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, predicting drug concentrations over time, optimizing dosage regimens, linking concentrations with pharmacologic activity, and estimating potential toxicity.
There are three primary types of models: empirical, compartment, and physiological. Empirical models, with minimal...
1.6K
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

234
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
234
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations01:19

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: General Considerations

530
The one-compartment model is a pharmacokinetic tool that models the body as a single, uniform compartment, facilitating the understanding of drug distribution and elimination. This model is particularly beneficial for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, where the drug rapidly circulates throughout the body.
The drug's presence in the body is defined by an equation representing the difference between the rates of drug entry and exit. Key parameters—elimination rate constant,...
530
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models01:15

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Physiological Models

186
Physiological models in pharmacokinetics are instrumental in understanding the distribution and elimination of drugs within the body. These models describe the drug concentration within target organs, influenced by factors such as drug uptake, tissue volume, and blood flow. Drug uptake is governed by the partition coefficient, which signifies the drug concentration ratio in tissue to that in the blood. The blood flow rate to a specific tissue is expressed as Qt, and the rate of change in tissue...
186
Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview

3.0K
Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
3.0K
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models01:14

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Compartment Models

368
Compartmental analysis is a widely adopted approach to characterizing drug pharmacokinetics. It uses compartment models that conceptualize the body as a collection of reversibly communicating compartments, each representing a group of tissues exhibiting similar drug distribution characteristics. The movement rate of the drug between these compartments is typically described by first-order kinetics.
Two primary types of compartment models are recognized: mammillary and catenary. The more...
368

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanistic Modeling of Intramuscular Administration of a Long-acting Injectable Accounting for Tissue Response At the Depot Site.

The AAPS journal·2025
Same author

Clinical Ocular Exposure Extrapolation for an Ophthalmic Ointment Using PBPK Modeling and Simulation.

The AAPS journal·2025
Same author

Quasi-3D Mechanistic Model for Predicting Eye Drop Distribution in the Human Tear Film.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Prediction of Monoclonal Antibody Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Populations Using PBPK Modeling and Simulation.

Pharmaceutics·2025
Same author

Impact of Mechanistic Modeling and Simulation Methodologies on Product-Specific Guidance Development for Non-Orally Administered Drug Products.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2025
Same author

An ingestible device for automated sampling and location tracing in gastrointestinal tract.

PloS one·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

32.8K

Ocular Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling for Ointment Formulations.

Maxime Le Merdy1, Jessica Spires2, Viera Lukacova2

  • 1Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California, 93534, USA. maxime@simulations-plus.com.

Pharmaceutical Research
|November 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

The Ocular Compartmental Absorption & Transit (OCAT™) model predicts rabbit ocular drug pharmacokinetics from ointments. Formulation factors like surface area and release rate significantly impact drug concentration in the aqueous humor.

Keywords:
PBPKocular PBPKophthalmic ointmentproduct development

More Related Videos

Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses
08:28

Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses

Published on: April 6, 2016

11.0K
Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

32.8K
Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses
08:28

Development of an In Vitro Ocular Platform to Test Contact Lenses

Published on: April 6, 2016

11.0K
Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
11:07

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging

Published on: November 24, 2021

3.1K

Area of Science:

  • Ocular pharmacokinetics
  • Drug delivery systems
  • Computational modeling

Background:

  • Understanding ocular drug pharmacokinetics is crucial for developing effective ophthalmic formulations.
  • Ointment formulations present unique challenges for drug absorption and distribution within the eye.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of the Ocular Compartmental Absorption & Transit (OCAT™) model in GastroPlus® for characterizing ocular drug pharmacokinetic performance.
  • To evaluate the rabbit model for assessing ophthalmic ointment formulations.

Main Methods:

  • Developed and applied a new OCAT™ model for fluorometholone and utilized a verified dexamethasone model.
  • Characterized aqueous humor (AH) concentrations after administering multiple ointment formulations in rabbits.
  • Incorporated parameters such as application surface area, application time, and Higuchi release constant.

Main Results:

  • Parameter sensitivity analysis revealed significant impacts of formulation changes on ocular exposure.
  • Application surface area and Higuchi release constant influenced maximum concentration and overall ocular exposure.
  • Application time affected the time to reach maximal AH concentration.

Conclusions:

  • This OCAT™ model for ophthalmic ointments is a foundational step in understanding drug behavior in the eye.
  • The model aids in elucidating the relationship between physiological factors, formulation properties, and in vivo ocular pharmacokinetics.
  • Provides insights into rabbit ocular drug performance for ointment-based therapies.