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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

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The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
2.7K
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

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Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
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Decreased pulse rate01:14

Decreased pulse rate

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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
There are specific risk factors that can elevate the likelihood of developing bradycardia. Advanced age is a significant factor, with...
723
Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Sinus node disfunction in an adolescent with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Miguel Fogaça da Mata1,2,3, Mónica Rebelo4,5, Helena Sofia Sousa6

  • 1Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Norte, Lisbon, Portugal.

Lupus
|November 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can affect the heart, causing arrhythmias like sinus node dysfunction in adolescents. Early cardiac screening is crucial for juvenile SLE patients to manage these potentially serious cardiac manifestations.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasearrhythmiajuvenile systemic lupus erythematosussinus node dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Rheumatology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cardiac involvement is a known complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • While pericarditis is common, cardiac arrhythmias are less frequently reported in SLE patients.
  • Juvenile SLE (JSLE) presents unique challenges in diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A 13-year-old male presented with symptoms of fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, myalgias, and arthralgias.
  • Physical examination revealed significant bradycardia, oral/nasal ulcers, and polyarthritis.
  • Laboratory results indicated hemolytic anemia, hypocomplementemia, positive antinuclear and anti-dsDNA antibodies, and renal involvement (Lupus nephritis class II).

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited sinus arrest with junctional rhythm, indicative of sinus node dysfunction, alongside a minimal pericardial effusion.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed as juvenile SLE with multi-system involvement, including cardiac, renal, musculoskeletal, and hematologic systems.
  • Treatment with steroids and mycophenolate mofetil led to disease remission and successful cardiac rhythm control.

Implications:

  • This case highlights sinus node dysfunction as a rare but significant cardiac manifestation in juvenile SLE.
  • It underscores the importance of comprehensive cardiac evaluation in all SLE patients, particularly adolescents.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of cardiac involvement in JSLE are essential for improving patient outcomes and preventing long-term complications.