[Anaphylaxis in children and adults]

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Allergology
• Clinical Immunology

Background:

• Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction.
• Symptoms involve respiratory, circulatory, and skin systems.
• Requires prompt and appropriate medical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the critical aspects of anaphylaxis management.
• To emphasize the importance of first-line treatment protocols.
• To outline secondary treatment options.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of anaphylaxis guidelines and case studies.
• Analysis of current treatment recommendations.
• Synthesis of information on drug administration and dosages.

Main Results:

• Intramuscular adrenaline via autoinjector is the primary treatment.
• Specific initial doses are recommended based on weight (0.15 mg for <25 kg, 0.3 mg for ≥25 kg and adults).
• Repeated smaller doses of adrenaline are preferred over single large doses.

Conclusions:

• Adrenaline is the essential first-line treatment for anaphylaxis.
• Intravenous access, fluid replacement, and oxygen are vital for severe cases.
• Antihistamines and steroids serve as adjunctive, second-line therapies.