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ABO blood group is related to bleeding in cardiac surgery
Søren Mose Hansen1, Ulrik Sprogøe2, Sören Möller3,4
1Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive care, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
Insights
ABO blood group influences bleeding and blood product transfusions in cardiac surgery. Blood group O showed higher drainage volumes, while AB had lower volumes and received fewer transfusions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Hematology
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- Increased bleeding and blood product transfusions in cardiac surgery correlate with adverse patient outcomes.
- ABO blood group is known to affect hemostatic balance, but its specific impact on cardiac surgery bleeding remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between ABO blood group and bleeding during cardiac surgery.
- To determine if ABO blood group influences the volume of blood products transfused post-cardiac surgery.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 17,058 cardiac surgical procedures from four Danish centers.
- Data on chest tube drainage and transfusion volumes were extracted from a clinical database.
- ABO blood group information was integrated with surgical and transfusion data.
Main Results:
- Blood group O exhibited the highest mean chest tube drainage (745 mL), while blood group AB had the lowest (664 mL).
- A statistically significant difference (P < .05) in mean drainage volume was observed between groups.
- Patients with blood group AB received significantly lower mean volumes of allogeneic blood products, particularly platelet concentrates, compared to group O.
Conclusions:
- Patient ABO blood group is associated with variations in chest tube drainage volumes following cardiac surgery.
- ABO blood group appears to influence the requirement for blood product transfusions after cardiac surgical procedures.
Background:
Increased bleeding and blood product transfusions during cardiac surgery are associated with poor outcomes. The patient's ABO blood group is related to hemostatic balance, although it is unclear whether this influences bleeding during cardiac surgery. This study aimed to evaluate whether ABO blood group is related to bleeding during cardiac surgery.
Methods:
This retrospective study evaluated data from 17,058 cardiac surgical procedures that were performed in four Danish cardiosurgical centers. Data regarding chest tube drainage and transfusion volumes were retrieved from a clinical database and combined with information regarding ABO group. The primary outcome was chest tube drainage volume and the secondary outcomes were transfused volumes of various blood products.
Results:
Blood group O had the largest chest tube drainage volume (mean: 745 mL, 95% CI: 720-771 mL) and blood group AB had the smallest volume (mean: 664 mL, 95% CI: 598-731 mL). The inter-group difference in the mean drainage volume was 81 mL (95% CI: 8-154 mL, P < .05). Patients with blood group A or blood group B had mean drainage volumes that were between the volumes for groups AB and O. Relative to group O, group AB received smaller mean volumes of all blood products. The most pronounced difference was in platelet concentrates, with mean values of 170 mL for group O (95% CI: 157-184 mL) and 63 mL for group AB (95% CI: 34-92 mL).
Conclusion:
The patient's ABO group appears to be related to volumes of chest tube drainage and transfused blood products during cardiac surgery.
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