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Phloretin, an Apple Polyphenol, Inhibits Pathogen-Induced Mucin Overproduction.

Rahel L Birru1, Kiflai Bein1, Heather Wells1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research
|November 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phloretin, an apple polyphenol, effectively inhibits bacterial-induced mucus overproduction in respiratory cells and mice. This compound shows promise for preventing mucus buildup in chronic respiratory diseases.

Keywords:
epidermal growth factormatrix metalloproteinasemucinreactive oxygen speciestoll-like receptor 4

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Bacterial infections cause mucus overproduction, worsening chronic respiratory diseases.
  • Dietary factors, like apples, may offer protection against lung disease.
  • Phloretin is a key polyphenol found in apples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if phloretin inhibits mucus synthesis and secretion induced by common respiratory bacteria.
  • To explore the molecular mechanisms underlying phloretin's effect on mucus production.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in mice and NCI-H292 epithelial cells.
  • Exposed cells to Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and other bacteria, with and without phloretin.
  • Investigated the roles of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADH oxidase 4 (NOX4), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Main Results:

  • Phloretin inhibited NTHi-induced MUC5AC mRNA in mice and various bacteria-induced MUC5AC mRNA in epithelial cells.
  • Phloretin reduced NTHi-induced MUC5AC protein secretion.
  • Phloretin blocked NTHi-induced signaling pathways including TLR4/NOX4 and EGFR/MAPK, and reduced EGFR ligand and MMP mRNA levels.

Conclusions:

  • Phloretin effectively suppresses bacterial-induced mucus overproduction.
  • Phloretin acts by inhibiting key signaling pathways involved in MUC5AC production.
  • Phloretin is a potential therapeutic agent for managing mucus hypersecretion in respiratory conditions.