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Rhinovirus and asthma: Challenges and opportunities
Hector Ortega1, David Nickle1, Laura Carter1
1Gossamer Bio Inc., San Diego, California, USA.
Reviews in Medical Virology
|November 20, 2020
Summary
Human rhinoviruses (RVs) cause the common cold and can trigger asthma exacerbations. This review explores RVs, focusing on their impact on asthma and comparing them with other viruses like COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Respiratory viral infections
- Immunology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of the common cold.
- While typically mild, RV infections can lead to severe outcomes like bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and exacerbation of asthma and COPD.
- Asthma exacerbations are frequently linked to viral infections, particularly in children and adults with allergies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, genetic variability, and pathobiology of human rhinoviruses.
- To examine the clinical impact of RVs on asthma, including risk factors and exacerbations.
- To compare RVs with other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19, and discuss current treatment strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of epidemiological data.
- Analysis of genetic variability and pathobiology of human rhinoviruses.
- Synthesis of clinical studies on RVs and asthma exacerbations.
- Comparative analysis with other respiratory viruses, including COVID-19.
Main Results:
- RVs are a significant trigger for asthma exacerbations, with allergy being a major risk factor.
- The prevalence of RV-induced wheezing is increasing due to high rates of allergic asthma.
- Understanding RVs' role is crucial for managing respiratory conditions, especially in vulnerable populations.
Conclusions:
- Human rhinoviruses play a critical role in the exacerbation of asthma and other pulmonary conditions.
- Further research into RVs' genetic diversity and pathobiology is needed for effective interventions.
- Comparative studies with viruses like COVID-19 enhance our understanding of respiratory viral threats.
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