Sepsis-induced Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Internal Medicine
• Emergency Medicine
• Hematology

Background:

• Sepsis is a frequent emergency department (ED) presentation with variable patient outcomes.
• Rare complications, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia, can arise from sepsis.
• Understanding these complications is vital for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight a rare complication of sepsis: autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
• To emphasize the importance of recognizing hemolysis in septic patients.
• To underscore the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of sepsis-induced complications.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 68-year-old female with sepsis secondary to infected nephrolithiasis.
• Clinical presentation included signs and symptoms of hemolysis.
• Diagnosis of warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia was established.
• Patient management involved treatment for sepsis and its complications.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with sepsis and developed progressive hemolysis.
• Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia was diagnosed.
• Initial response to treatment was favorable.
• A subsequent complication of perforated colonic diverticula led to a decline in patient condition.

Conclusions:

• Emergency physicians must be aware of the risk factors, symptoms, and pathophysiology of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in sepsis.
• Timely recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for improving outcomes.
• This case underscores the complexity of managing sepsis and its potential rare complications.