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Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Fetal Echocardiography and Pulsed-wave Doppler Ultrasound in a Rabbit Model of Intrauterine Growth Restriction
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Characteristics and risk factors for extrauterine growth retardation in very-low-birth-weight infants

Xingli Zhao1, Li Ding1, Xiaoqian Chen1

  • 1Department of Neonatology.

Medicine
|November 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR) in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs) is linked to SGA, feeding intolerance, and lower amino acid intake. Reducing feeding intolerance and enhancing amino acid nutrition can prevent EUGR in VLBWIs.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Pediatric Growth and Development
  • Intensive Care Medicine

Background:

  • Very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs) are susceptible to extrauterine growth retardation (EUGR).
  • Understanding risk factors for EUGR is crucial for improving outcomes in VLBWIs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the key characteristics and risk factors associated with EUGR in VLBWIs.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for preventing EUGR in this vulnerable population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 137 VLBWIs admitted to NICU.
  • Patients categorized into EUGR (n=92) and non-EUGR (n=45) groups.
  • Multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine risk factors for EUGR.

Main Results:

  • Significant risk factors for EUGR included SGA (OR=3.887), feeding intolerance (OR=4.632), and lower calories from amino acids on day 7 (OR=0.786).
  • Lower gestational age was also a protective factor (OR=0.573).

Conclusions:

  • Feeding intolerance and suboptimal amino acid nutrition are significant contributors to EUGR in VLBWIs.
  • Interventions focused on reducing feeding intolerance and optimizing amino acid support are recommended to prevent delayed extrauterine growth.
Abstract

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