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Developmental Programming and Reprogramming of Hypertension and Kidney Disease: Impact of Tryptophan Metabolism

Chien-Ning Hsu1,2, You-Lin Tain3,4

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|November 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Early life programming of hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to maternal tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy. Interventions targeting this pathway may prevent adult-onset diseases in offspring.

Area of Science:

  • Perinatal programming
  • Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)
  • Metabolic pathways

Background:

  • Hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) may originate during early development.
  • Tryptophan metabolism is critical for fetal development and maternal health.
  • Altered tryptophan pathways during pregnancy can lead to developmental programming of adult diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review tryptophan metabolic pathways and their impact during pregnancy.
  • To explore the link between tryptophan metabolites, gut microbiota, and uremic toxins.
  • To examine the role of tryptophan metabolites in developmental programming of hypertension and CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of tryptophan metabolism, pregnancy, and DOHaD.
  • Analysis of the interplay between tryptophan metabolites, gut microbiota, and uremic toxins.
  • Synthesis of evidence on tryptophan-derived metabolites and their role in disease development.

Main Results:

  • Tryptophan metabolism significantly influences fetal programming.
  • Gut microbiota interact with tryptophan metabolites, affecting uremic toxin production.
  • Tryptophan metabolites are implicated in the developmental origins of hypertension and CKD.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal tryptophan metabolism during pregnancy is a key factor in developmental programming of hypertension and CKD.
  • Therapeutic interventions targeting tryptophan metabolism in pregnancy may offer protective strategies for offspring.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can guide novel approaches to prevent adult-onset kidney and cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords:
aryl hydrocarbon receptorchronic kidney diseasedevelopmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)hypertensionindolekynureninemelatoninserotonintryptophanuremic toxin

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