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Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis
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Role of adipose tissue in regulating fetal growth in gestational diabetes mellitus

Caitlyn Nguyen-Ngo1, Nanthini Jayabalan2, Polin Haghvirdizadeh1

  • 1Mercy Perinatal Research Centre, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Obstetrics, Nutrition and Endocrinology Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Placenta
|November 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global concern. Understanding how adipose tissue factors influence placental nutrient transport is key to preventing GDM and its complications.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Placental science

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant risks to maternal and infant health.
  • Effective GDM prevention strategies are urgently needed.
  • Pathophysiology of GDM requires further elucidation, particularly the interplay between adipose tissue, placenta, and fetal growth.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of placental nutrient transporters in GDM.
  • To discuss adipose-derived factors influencing placental function.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for GDM prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on GDM pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of the relationship between adipose tissue secretions and placental nutrient transport.
  • Examination of factors affecting fetal growth regulation.

Main Results:

  • The placenta is crucial for fetal growth via nutrient transfer.
  • Adipose-derived factors (adipokines, extracellular vesicles) impact placental inflammation and nutrient transport.
  • Interactions between adipose factors and placental transporters are complex.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding adipose-placental interactions is vital for GDM prevention.
  • Placental nutrient transporters and adipose-derived factors represent potential therapeutic targets.
  • Further research into these relationships may lead to novel GDM interventions.

Keywords:
AdipokinesAdipose tissueExosomesFetal growthInflammationPlacenta

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