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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Risk Assessments at Birth Predict Kindergarten Achievement and Involvement with Child Protective Services.

Sarah Prendergast¹, David MacPhee²

¹Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population, Urban Institute, 500 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, District of Columbia, 20001, United States. SPrendergast@urban.org.

Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research

|November 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Identifying family risk factors at birth helps early childhood programs target prevention. Analyzing risk combinations, not just totals, better predicts kindergarten outcomes and child protective services involvement.

Keywords:

Child maltreatment Family risk Kindergarten achievement

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Area of Science:

Child Development
Public Health
Family Studies

Background:

Early childhood programs screen for family risk factors at birth to identify families needing prevention services.
Current methods often use cumulative risk (total number of risk factors).
Person-centered approaches examining combinations of risk offer a complementary strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

To test cumulative family risk and latent classes of family risk at birth as predictors of kindergarten outcomes.
To examine associations with mother-reported involvement with Child Protective Services (CPS).

Main Methods:

Utilized data from the Fragile Families and Child Well-being Study (N=757).
Included families with birth medical records and age 5 kindergarten outcomes.
Employed latent class analysis to identify risk combinations.

Main Results:

Cumulative risk positively associated with attention problems, letter-word recognition, and CPS involvement.
Latent class analysis revealed higher risk classes were linked to worse kindergarten outcomes and increased CPS involvement.
Cumulative risk was not associated with aggression or social skill problems.

Conclusions:

Both cumulative risk and latent classes of risk are valuable in predicting early childhood outcomes.
Risk combination analysis provides nuanced insights beyond simple cumulative counts.
Findings support screening for family risk and inform prevention program targeting.