Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

265
The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to...
265
Vision01:24

Vision

58.7K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
58.7K
Visual System01:26

Visual System

1.4K
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
1.4K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

6.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
6.0K
Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development01:14

Piaget's Stage 1 of Cognitive Development

1.2K
The sensorimotor stage, the initial phase of Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development, spans the first two years of a child's life. During this period, infants actively engage with their surroundings, building cognitive awareness through direct interaction with the world. This interaction is primarily based on sensory perception and motor actions, allowing infants to gradually understand basic physical properties and predict how objects interact within their environment.
Exploration...
1.2K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

7.9K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
7.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Validation of the Examination of Autistic Intersubjective Experiences (EAIE).

Psychopathology·2026
Same author

Progress and ongoing conceptual challenges "on the way to integrative human neuroscience"-ten years after.

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience·2026
Same author

Urobiome composition varies with vesicoureteral reflux grade and history of febrile urinary tract infection.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Perceptual Inductive Bias Is What You Need Before Contrastive Learning.

Proceedings. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition·2026
Same author

Self-Attention-Based Contextual Modulation Improves Neural System Identification.

... International Conference on Learning Representations·2026
Same author

Modeling Rapid Contextual Learning in the Visual Cortex with Fast-Weight Deep Autoencoder Networks.

Proceedings of the ... AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.1K

Development of Natural Scene Representation in Primary Visual Cortex Requires Early Postnatal Experience.

Nina N Kowalewski1, Janne Kauttonen2, Patricia L Stan3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.

Current Biology : CB
|November 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Early visual experience shapes the brain. Standard-reared mice showed better natural scene recognition than dark-reared mice, highlighting the importance of early visual input for brain development.

Keywords:
calcium imagingcritical perioddark-reareddevelopmentdiscriminationmousenatural scenespopulation decodingprimary visual cortexvision

More Related Videos

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.8K
A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras
03:56

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging
06:18

Author Spotlight: Deciphering Neural Circuit Formation from Two-Photon Microscopy and Single Neuron Imaging

Published on: November 21, 2023

1.1K
Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
08:42

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex

Published on: February 8, 2020

10.8K
A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras
03:56

A View of Their Own: Capturing the Egocentric View of Infants and Toddlers with Head-Mounted Cameras

Published on: October 5, 2018

7.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Visual System Research

Background:

  • Early-life experience profoundly influences the development of the visual system.
  • The primary visual cortex (V1) is crucial for processing visual information.
  • Understanding how visual experience shapes neuronal responses is key to understanding visual perception.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different early-life visual experiences impact neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex (V1).
  • To identify specific neuronal response properties that contribute to enhanced natural scene representation.
  • To compare the effects of standard rearing, dark rearing, and delayed visual experience on V1 function.

Main Methods:

  • Calcium imaging of excitatory neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) of awake mice.
  • Comparison of neuronal responses to natural scenes and grating stimuli (varying orientation and spatial frequency).
  • Assessment of V1 population selectivity using decoding methods.

Main Results:

  • Natural scene discriminability in V1 increased by 75% between 4 and 6 weeks of age.
  • Standard-reared mice exhibited higher natural scene and grating discriminability than dark-reared mice.
  • Early visual experience reduced the number of neurons responding to low-spatial-frequency gratings and increased neuronal preference for natural scenes.

Conclusions:

  • Early visual experience is critical for refining neuronal responses in the primary visual cortex.
  • Experience optimizes neural coding by reducing redundancy for simple stimuli and enhancing sensitivity to complex natural scenes.
  • Adult-onset visual experience does not significantly improve natural scene or grating stimulus discriminability, underscoring the critical period for visual development.