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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Mismatch Repair01:20

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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
The Mutator Protein Family Plays a Key Role in DNA Mismatch Repair
The human genome has more than 3 billion base pairs of DNA per cell. Prior to cell division, that vast amount of genetic...
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Continuous Fluorescence-Based Endonuclease-Coupled DNA Methylation Assay to Screen for DNA Methyltransferase Inhibitors
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RNA methylations in human cancers.

Xiao Han1, Mengke Wang2, Yong-Liang Zhao2

  • 1Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, College of Future Technology, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|November 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

RNA methylations are vital regulators of biological processes and human cancers. This review covers key RNA modifications like N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and their roles in cancer, exploring diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
Human cancerRNA methylation regulatorsRNA modificationTargeting therapy

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • RNA methylations are prevalent post-transcriptional modifications crucial for RNA regulation.
  • Dysregulation of RNA methylation is linked to human malignancies.
  • High-throughput sequencing aids in studying RNA methylation's role in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory roles of key RNA modifications in cancer.
  • To discuss the clinical implications of RNA methylation in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on RNA modifications in cancer.
  • Focus on representative RNA modifications: N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), and 2'-O-methylation (Nm).

Main Results:

  • RNA methylations (m6A, m5C, m1A, Nm) significantly impact cancer progression by altering transcriptomics.
  • These modifications influence RNA transcription, splicing, structure, stability, and translation in the context of cancer.

Conclusions:

  • RNA methylation plays a critical role in the development and progression of human cancers.
  • Understanding RNA methylation offers potential for novel cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.