Factors associated with endometrial cancer and hyperplasia among middle-aged and older Hispanics

While disparities in endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer are well documented in Blacks and Whites, limited information exists for Hispanics. The objective is to describe the patient characteristics associated with endometrial hyperplasia symptoms, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial cancer, and assess factors contributing to racial/ethnic differences in disease outcomes.

This single-center, retrospective study included women aged ≥50 years with ≥ two encounters for endometrial hyperplasia symptoms, endometrial hyperplasia with atypia and endometrial cancer between 2012 and 2016. Multivariate logistic regression models evaluated the predictors of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia.

We included 19,865 women (4749 endometrial hyperplasia symptoms, 71 endometrial hyperplasias with atypia, 201 endometrial cancers) with mean age of 60.45 years (SD 9.94). The odds of endometrial hyperplasia symptoms were higher in non-Hispanic Blacks (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.56, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.20-1.72), Hispanics (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.22-1.49), family history of female cancer (OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.12-1.39), hypertension (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14-1.35), and birth control use (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15-1.43). Odds of endometrial cancer and atypical hyperplasia increased for ages 60-64 (OR 7.95, 95% CI 3.26-19.37; OR 3.66, 95% 1.01-13.22) and being obese (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.08-2.41; OR: 6.60, 95% CI 2.32-18.83). Odds of endometrial cancer increased with diabetes (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.22-2.32).

Patients with obesity and diabetes had increased odds of endometrial cancer and hyperplasia with atypia. Further study is needed to understand the exogenous estrogen effect contributing to the increased incidence among Hispanics.