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Endogenous retroviruses expressed in human tumours cannot be used as targets for anti-tumour vaccines

Joachim Denner1

  • 1Robert Koch Institute, Nordufer 20, 13353 Berlin, Germany.

Translational Oncology
|November 22, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Many tumor cells express endogenous retroviral (ERV) proteins, suggesting their use in anti-tumor vaccines. However, current evidence lacks convincing proof of efficacy and raises concerns about potential harm from this strategy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Tumor cells often express proteins from endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) on their surface.
  • These ERV proteins are considered potential targets for anti-tumor vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of targeting endogenous retroviral antigens for anti-tumor vaccines.
  • To assess potential risks associated with using ERV-based anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing data and literature on endogenous retroviruses and cancer immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of theoretical considerations regarding the immune response to ERV antigens in cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • Lack of convincing evidence supporting the efficacy of ERV-targeted anti-tumor vaccines.
  • Emerging concerns and theoretical considerations suggest this strategy may be detrimental.

Conclusions:

  • The therapeutic application of targeting endogenous retroviral antigens in cancer vaccines is not supported by current evidence.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the potential benefits and risks before clinical application.

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