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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Hypertension V: Nursing Management01:23

Hypertension V: Nursing Management

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The nursing management of hypertension involves accurately assessing symptoms, making a comprehensive nursing diagnosis, collaborating with patients to set goals, and implementing targeted interventions to mitigate the condition's impact and improve patient well-being.Comprehensive AssessmentThe initial step in nursing care for hypertension involves a thorough patient assessment. It includes evaluating symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, blurred vision, and previous hypertension episodes.
199
Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

Hypertension II: Pathophysiology

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

286
Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
286
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

144
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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The hypertensive neonate.

Joseph T Flynn1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, And Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal hypertension, affecting about 1% of newborns, is increasingly recognized due to advances in neonatal intensive care. Key factors influencing infant blood pressure include gestational age, birth weight, and maternal health, with common causes being umbilical catheter issues, kidney, or lung disease.

Keywords:
Blood pressureChronic lung diseaseHypertensionKidney diseaseNeonatePrematurity

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal hypertension is increasingly recognized, linked to improved survival rates of premature infants.
  • Normative blood pressure data in neonates is limited, but gestational age, birth weight, and maternal factors are key determinants.
  • The incidence of neonatal hypertension is approximately 1% in most studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of neonatal hypertension.
  • To discuss factors influencing neonatal blood pressure.
  • To identify common causes, diagnostic approaches, and treatment considerations for neonatal hypertension.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature and data.
  • It focuses on identifying factors, causes, and diagnostic evaluations for neonatal hypertension.
  • The review also addresses treatment strategies and evidence gaps.

Main Results:

  • Several factors, including gestational age, birth weight, and maternal factors, influence neonatal blood pressure.
  • Common causes include umbilical catheter-associated thrombosis, renal parenchymal disease, and chronic lung disease.
  • Accurate diagnosis relies on careful blood pressure measurement and evaluation.

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal hypertension requires careful diagnosis and management, often relying on clinical expertise due to limited long-term outcome data.
  • Further research is needed to establish normative data and guide antihypertensive medication use in neonates.
  • Addressing evidence gaps is crucial for optimizing the care of hypertensive infants.