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Related Concept Videos

Principle of Equivalence01:18

Principle of Equivalence

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According to Albert Einstein (1897-1955), free-falling and feeling weightless are intrinsically linked. If a person were in free-fall under gravity, for example, diving towards the Earth from an airplane, they would feel completely weightless. Similarly, a person descending in a lift may feel partially weightless. Broadly speaking, it is assumed that an object in a uniform gravitational field and an object undergoing constant acceleration in the absence of gravity are under the same...
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Bioequivalence Data: Statistical Interpretation01:16

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Body:The statistical interpretation of bioequivalence data is a significant aspect of pharmaceutical research. Bioequivalence refers to the absence of any significant difference in the rate and extent to which the active ingredient in pharmaceutical products becomes available at the site of drug action when administered at the same molar dose under similar conditions. This helps determine if different drug products have similar absorption rates, ensuring their interchangeability.Statistical...
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Pharmaceutical Equivalents01:26

Pharmaceutical Equivalents

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As defined by regulatory standards, pharmaceutical equivalents require generic drug products to have identical dosage forms and chemically identical active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). They must adhere to compendial or applicable standards for potency, content uniformity, disintegration times, and dissolution rates. In the case of modified-release dosage forms, variations in drug content are permissible as long as the delivered amount remains consistent with the innovator drug product.
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¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons01:03

¹H NMR Chemical Shift Equivalence: Homotopic and Heterotopic Protons

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Protons in identical electronic environments within a molecule are chemically equivalent and have the same chemical shift. The replacement test is a useful tool to identify chemical equivalence and predict NMR spectra. A substituent replaces each of the protons being examined and the resulting molecules are compared. If the same molecule is obtained, the protons are equivalent or homotopic. Replacement of any hydrogens in ethane by chlorine yields chloroethane because all six protons are...
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Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence01:17

Equivalence: In Vitro and In Vivo Bioequivalence

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Body:Bioequivalence studies are crucial in evaluating whether new drugs can match an approved one regarding pharmacological effects and clinical performance. These studies test if drugs, despite different dosage forms, share identical plasma concentration-time profiles. Three types of equivalence are central to these studies: chemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic. Chemical equivalence indicates that two or more drug products contain identical active ingredients in equal amounts.
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Bioequivalence: Overview01:16

Bioequivalence: Overview

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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Capillary Electrophoresis-based Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange for Conformational Characterization of Proteins with Top-down Mass Spectrometry
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Efficient determination of equivalence for encrypted data.

Jason N Doctor1, Jaideep Vaidya2, Xiaoqian Jiang3

  • 1Schaeffer Center for Health Policy and Economics, University of Southern California, 635 Downey Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089-3333, United States.

Computers & Security
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Securely matching health records is crucial. This study presents an efficient method for secure equivalence computation using a "greater than" algorithm, simplifying identity matching without compromising data privacy.

Keywords:
Encrypted dataRecord linkageSecure computationSet intersectionSocialist millionaires’ problem

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Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Cryptography
  • Health Informatics

Background:

  • Secure computation of equivalence is vital for applications like healthcare data linkage.
  • The socialist millionaires' problem illustrates the challenge of comparing private data without disclosure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an efficient and secure method for determining data equivalence.
  • To facilitate secure identity matching for linking medical records across disparate systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a "greater than" algorithm on totally ordered sets for secure matching.
  • Employing a set intersection algorithm optimized for "greater than" computations.
  • Demonstrating effectiveness on arbitrary data values and regulatory compliance for disclosure risk.

Main Results:

  • Secure matching can be achieved without additional communication rounds when using a "greater than" algorithm.
  • The proposed set intersection algorithm efficiently assesses data equivalence.
  • The method meets regulatory criteria for minimizing disclosure risk in health data linkage.

Conclusions:

  • An efficient and secure solution for equivalence computation is presented.
  • The method enhances secure identity matching in healthcare, addressing privacy concerns.
  • This approach simplifies secure data linkage while adhering to privacy regulations.