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Soft tissue coverage of the upper limb: A flap reconstruction overview
Elisa Benanti1, Giorgio De Santis1, Andrea Leti Acciaro2
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico of Modena, Largo Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
This review compares flap options for upper limb soft tissue injuries, aiding surgeons in choosing between local, regional, and free flaps for effective reconstruction. It guides selection for various wound sizes, focusing on hand and forearm trauma.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Plastic Surgery
- Trauma Surgery
Background:
- Upper limb reconstruction presents diverse surgical choices.
- Flap selection depends on defect size and location.
- Distinguishing free vs. distant pedicled flaps for large wounds is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review flap reconstructive options for soft tissue injuries of the hand and forearm.
- To guide inexperienced surgeons in managing upper limb trauma.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of reconstructive techniques.
- Analysis of flap types: advancement, rotation, regional, distant pedicled, and free flaps.
- Focus on coverage of soft tissue defects excluding fingers.
Main Results:
- Local and regional flaps suit small defects.
- Free flaps or distant pedicled flaps are necessary for large wounds.
- The review outlines criteria for selecting between free and distant pedicled flaps.
Conclusions:
- A comprehensive understanding of flap options is vital for upper limb trauma reconstruction.
- This review provides a guide for surgeons managing hand and forearm soft tissue defects.
- Informed flap choice optimizes reconstructive outcomes in upper limb injuries.
