Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Eyeball

Anatomy of the Eyeball

The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...

The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

Vision

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Inherited Retinal Disease Management in the United States: A Survey of Clinician Practice Patterns.

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Operating Room Access: Survey of the American Society of Retina Specialists.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

Underfunding of a Patient Copay Assistance Program and the Impact on Retinal Disease Care: Survey of ASRS Members.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

Comparison of Medicaid vs Medicare Reimbursement Rates for Vitreoretinal Surgeries in the United States.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Same author

Validation of the "FIRST-ROP" Algorithm at a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Tertiary Center over Three Decades.

American journal of ophthalmology·2026

Same author

Time-Driven, Activity-Based Cost Analysis of Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation.

Journal of vitreoretinal diseases·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Published on: November 30, 2022

Diving Deep into Deep Learning: An Update on Artificial Intelligence in Retina.

Brian E Goldhagen^1,2, Hasenin Al-Khersan¹

¹Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 900 NW 17th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA.

Current Ophthalmology Reports

|November 23, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows great promise for retinal care, aiding in diagnosis, management, and predicting disease outcomes. Understanding AI is crucial for its integration into ophthalmology practice.

Keywords:

Age-related macular degeneration, Retinopathy of prematurity Artificial intelligence Diabetic retinopathy Machine learning Neural networks

More Related Videos

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Application of Deep Learning-Based Medical Image Segmentation via Orbital Computed Tomography

Published on: November 30, 2022

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Published on: November 6, 2017

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Computational Modeling of Retinal Neurons for Visual Prosthesis Research - Fundamental Approaches

Published on: June 21, 2022

Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Medical Imaging
Artificial Intelligence

Background:

Retinal subspecialty heavily relies on diagnostic imaging.
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers advanced analytical capabilities for medical data.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding and applications of AI in the retina subspecialty.
To explore the potential impact of AI on the diagnosis and management of retinal diseases.

Main Methods:

Review of existing research and literature on AI in ophthalmology, specifically retina.
Analysis of AI model development for retinal disease diagnosis, management, and prediction.

Main Results:

AI is highly suitable for the retina subspecialty due to its reliance on imaging.
Current AI research focuses on diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity.
AI models are being developed for disease diagnosis, management, and predicting treatment response.

Conclusions:

AI has the potential to significantly transform ophthalmology practice.
A foundational understanding of AI is essential for its successful adoption and advancement in the field.