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Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

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IgG4 thyroiditis in the Asian population.

Yaqiong Li1, Keiko Inomata2, Eijun Nishihara3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

Gland Surgery
|November 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multi-organ condition. A specific subtype, IgG4 thyroiditis, presents distinct features in Hashimoto thyroiditis, impacting thyroid function.

Keywords:
Asian populationThyroidautoimmune thyroid diseaseimmunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)thyroiditis

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Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis
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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibro-inflammatory condition.
  • IgG4-RD links various isolated conditions into a distinct multi-organ disease, prompting further research and treatment development.
  • In the thyroid, a subset of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) with IgG4-rich inflammation, termed IgG4 thyroiditis, has been identified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the distinct clinical and histopathological features of IgG4 thyroiditis compared to common HT.
  • To discuss IgG4-rich thyroid conditions associated with Graves' disease and systemic IgG4-RD.
  • To emphasize the importance of recognizing IgG4 thyroiditis for understanding its pathogenesis and developing new therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Histopathological examination of thyroid tissue.
  • Clinical manifestation review.
  • Literature review on IgG4-related conditions in the thyroid.

Main Results:

  • IgG4 thyroiditis exhibits rapidly progressive clinical features and destructive histopathology, differing significantly from typical HT.
  • IgG4-rich thyroid conditions are also observed in patients with Graves' disease and systemic IgG4-RD.
  • These findings are predominantly reported in the Asian population, with the underlying reasons yet to be determined.

Conclusions:

  • IgG4 thyroiditis is a specific entity, distinct from IgG4-RD.
  • Recognition of this unique thyroid subset offers crucial insights into pathogenesis.
  • Further research into IgG4 thyroiditis can lead to novel therapeutic strategies for thyroid dysfunction.