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Toward a Mathematical Modeling of Diseases' Impact on Bone Remodeling: Technical Review
Imane Ait Oumghar1,2, Abdelwahed Barkaoui1, Patrick Chabrand2
1Laboratoire des Energies Renouvelables et Matériaux Avancés (LERMA), Université Internationale de Rabat, Rabat-Sala El Jadida, Morocco.
Abstract:
A wide variety of bone diseases have hitherto been discovered, such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease, osteopetrosis, and metastatic bone disease, which are not well defined in terms of changes in biochemical and mechanobiological regulatory factors. Some of these diseases are secondary to other pathologies, including cancer, or to some clinical treatments. To better understand bone behavior and prevent its deterioration, bone biomechanics have been the subject of mathematical modeling that exponentially increased over the last years. These models are becoming increasingly complex. The current paper provides a timely and critical analysis of previously developed bone remodeling mathematical models, particularly those addressing bone diseases. Besides, mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models, which englobe bone disease and its treatment's effect on bone health. Therefore, the review starts by presenting bone remodeling cycle and mathematical models describing this process, followed by introducing some bone diseases and discussing models of pathological mechanisms affecting bone, and concludes with exhibiting the available bone treatment procedures considered in the PK/PD models.
Insights
This review analyzes mathematical models of bone remodeling and disease. It covers bone diseases, their pathological mechanisms, and treatments using pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models for better bone health understanding.
Area of Science:
- Biomedical Engineering
- Computational Biology
- Orthopedics
Background:
- Bone diseases like osteoporosis lack clear definitions of regulatory factors.
- Mathematical modeling of bone biomechanics is crucial for understanding and preventing bone deterioration.
- Existing models often lack integration of disease-specific factors and treatment effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To critically analyze mathematical models of bone remodeling, especially those addressing bone diseases.
- To review mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models for bone disease and treatment.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of bone remodeling, disease pathology, and therapeutic modeling.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of mathematical models for bone remodeling.
- Analysis of models focusing on bone disease pathological mechanisms.
- Examination of PK/PD models incorporating bone disease and treatment.
Main Results:
- Identified a growing complexity in bone remodeling mathematical models.
- Highlighted the need for models that integrate biochemical and mechanobiological factors in bone diseases.
- Cataloged PK/PD models relevant to bone disease treatment strategies.
Conclusions:
- Mathematical models are essential tools for understanding bone diseases and their progression.
- PK/PD models offer a framework for evaluating bone disease treatments.
- Further development of integrated models is needed for comprehensive bone health management.
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