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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

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The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Chemo/radiotherapy-Induced Bone Marrow Niche Alterations.

Hassan Rafieemehr1, Masumeh Maleki Behzad2,3, Saeed Azandeh4

  • 1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.

Cancer Investigation
|November 23, 2020
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Summary

Chemo/radiotherapy disrupts the bone marrow niche, affecting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and leading to bone loss and abnormal cell balance. Understanding these changes is key to developing therapies for bone marrow recovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Oncology Supportive Care

Background:

  • The bone marrow (BM) niche is a critical microenvironment supporting hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and other cell types.
  • Chemo/radiotherapy can disrupt HSC properties (proliferation, differentiation, localization, self-renewal) and alter the BM niche's cellular composition.
  • Imbalances in the BM cavity post-chemo/radiotherapy can cause bone loss, aberrant hematopoiesis, and increased adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying chemo/radiotherapy-induced alterations in the bone marrow niche.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for preventing or reversing BM niche defects caused by cancer treatments.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews existing evidence on the effects of chemo/radiotherapy on the BM niche.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in BM niche regulation and disruption.

Main Results:

  • Chemo/radiotherapy disrupts the steady-state of BM niche cells, leading to deregulation of stromal cell populations.
  • Chemo/radiotherapy significantly reduces bone formation and promotes fat accumulation within the BM niche.
  • Alterations in molecular pathways are implicated in BM niche damage and recovery.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding chemo/radiotherapy's impact on the BM niche is crucial for mitigating treatment side effects.
  • Targeting specific molecular pathways holds promise for restoring BM niche integrity after cancer therapy.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective therapeutic agents to prevent BM niche defects.