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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

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In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
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Gene Flow02:39

Gene Flow

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Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
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Genetic Drift03:33

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Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.
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Position-effect Variegation02:32

Position-effect Variegation

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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Development of Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes TILLING Populations in Small Grain Crops by Ethyl Methanesulfonate Mutagenesis
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Subgenomic Diversity Patterns Caused by Directional Selection in Bread Wheat Gene Pools.

Kai Voss-Fels1, Matthias Frisch2, Lunwen Qian1

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Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) has lost genetic diversity due to breeding, impacting yield potential. This study uses SNP markers to identify regions needing diversity to improve crop adaptation and performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Genetics
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Genetic diversity is crucial for crop improvement but has been reduced in bread wheat by domestication and breeding.
  • Erosion of genetic diversity limits the adaptation potential of wheat to challenges like climate change.
  • High-throughput genomics offers tools to characterize and restore genetic diversity in breeding programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze genetic diversity in bread wheat using a high-density SNP array.
  • To identify genomic regions with low diversity that require rejuvenation.
  • To provide a molecular basis for introgressing new genetic variation into wheat.

Main Methods:

  • Genotyping of 460 bread wheat accessions from diverse global breeding pools using a 90,000 SNP array.
  • Analysis of genetic diversity at chromosome and subgenome levels.
  • Identification of conserved linkage disequilibrium patterns across different gene pools.

Main Results:

  • Distinct patterns of genetic diversity and linkage disequilibrium were observed across different wheat gene pools.
  • Specific genome regions were identified as being in critical need of novel genetic diversity.
  • High-resolution data were generated for genomic-assisted introgression of beneficial traits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding wheat genetic diversity is essential for addressing yield stagnation and adaptation challenges.
  • Genomic insights can guide the strategic replenishment of genetic diversity in wheat breeding.
  • This study provides a foundation for enhancing wheat adaptation and quality through targeted introgression.