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Pulmonary Manifestations of Renal Disorders in Children

Laura Malaga-Dieguez1, Howard Trachtman1, Robert Giusti2

  • 1Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU School of Medicine, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric kidney disease stems from congenital or acquired causes, impacting overall health. This review aids pulmonologists in diagnosing and managing kidney disease in children, highlighting its systemic effects.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Pulmonology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Kidney disease in children is caused by congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tract or acquired disorders.
  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects adults significantly, but comparable pediatric data are lacking.
  • CKD is a systemic condition impacting multiple organ systems, including the lungs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide pulmonology consultants with essential information for evaluating pediatric patients with kidney disease.
  • To review diagnostic and evaluative tests for kidney disease in children.
  • To outline common clinical syndromes associated with kidney disease relevant to pulmonary consultations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric kidney disease etiology, diagnosis, and systemic manifestations.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic tools for kidney function and structure.
  • Identification of key clinical syndromes requiring multidisciplinary management.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric kidney disease etiology is split between congenital and acquired conditions.
  • CKD's systemic impact, particularly on the lungs, necessitates careful evaluation.
  • Understanding diagnostic tests and clinical syndromes is crucial for effective pulmonology consultation.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonologists play a vital role in managing pediatric patients with kidney disease due to its systemic nature.
  • A comprehensive approach integrating nephrology and pulmonology is essential for optimal patient outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to establish pediatric-specific CKD prevalence and management guidelines.

Keywords:
Acute glomerulonephritisAcute kidney injuryCongenital abnormalities of the kidney and urinary tractNephrotic syndromeOligohydramniosPulmonary hypoplasiaRenal replacement therapiesUrinothorax

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