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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

1.1K
Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

1.3K
Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

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In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
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Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

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Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

541
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

375
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
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Conducting Respiratory Oscillometry in an Outpatient Setting
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Functional Respiratory Disorders in Children.

Manju Hurvitz1, Miles Weinberger1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital, 3020 Children's Way, MC 5070, San Diego, CA 92123-4282, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Functional respiratory disorders (FRDs) in children present with respiratory symptoms but no organic cause. Early identification and treatment of FRDs like habit cough can prevent unnecessary medical interventions.

Keywords:
Dysfunctional breathingFunctional respiratory diseaseHabit coughHyperventilationVocal cord dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Functional Respiratory Disorders
  • Child Health

Background:

  • Functional respiratory disorders (FRDs) are common in children, presenting with respiratory symptoms but lacking an identifiable organic or anatomical cause.
  • These conditions include habit cough syndrome, vocal cord dysfunction, hyperventilation disorders, functional dyspnea, and sighing syndrome.
  • Misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis of FRDs can lead to extensive, unnecessary investigations and treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical presentation, manifestations, and treatment of pediatric FRDs.
  • To provide guidance for healthcare providers on identifying and managing these reversible conditions effectively.
  • To reduce unnecessary medical interventions in children with FRDs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical literature on pediatric functional respiratory disorders.
  • Synthesis of information on diagnostic criteria and clinical manifestations.
  • Outline of evidence-based treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • FRDs encompass a range of conditions including habit cough, vocal cord dysfunction, and functional dyspnea.
  • Recognition of FRDs requires careful clinical assessment to exclude organic pathology.
  • Treatment focuses on reassurance, education, and behavioral interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of pediatric FRDs is crucial to avoid unnecessary testing and medication.
  • Healthcare providers can effectively manage these reversible conditions with appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.
  • Timely intervention improves patient outcomes and reduces healthcare resource utilization.