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Risk Factors for Severity in Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Comprehensive Literature Review

Sophia Tsabouri1, Alexandros Makis1, Chrysoula Kosmeri1

  • 1Department of Paediatrics, Child Health Department, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Stavros Niarchos Avenue 45500, Ioannina, Greece.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|November 24, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Severe COVID-19 in children is rare, with young age and comorbidities being key risk factors. Further research is needed to explore other potential risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatric populations.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic has had a global impact, with children representing a small percentage of total cases.
  • While most pediatric cases exhibit mild symptoms, severe disease can occur.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive literature review to identify risk factors and underlying mechanisms for severe COVID-19 in children.
  • To synthesize current knowledge on pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was performed.
  • Data on pediatric COVID-19 cases, severity, and risk factors were systematically analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Children constitute 1.7%–2% of diagnosed COVID-19 cases, typically experiencing milder illness than adults.
  • Younger age and pre-existing medical conditions (comorbidities) are identified risk factors for severe disease in children.
  • The role of male gender and specific laboratory/imaging findings as risk factors remains uncertain.

Conclusions:

  • Severe COVID-19 is uncommon in children, but certain factors increase risk.
  • Further investigation is warranted to fully understand the determinants of severe coronavirus disease 2019 in pediatric populations and to identify other potential risk factors.

Keywords:
COVID-19ChildrenCoronavirusRisk factorSeverity

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