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Enhanced trace element mobilization by Earth's ice sheets.

Jon R Hawkings1,2, Mark L Skidmore3, Jemma L Wadham4

  • 1National High Magnetic Field Laboratory Geochemistry Group, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306; jhawkings@fsu.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subglacial meltwaters from ice sheets export significant trace elements, crucial for ocean biological productivity. Ice sheets mobilize these elements, impacting global nutrient cycles.

Keywords:
Southern Oceanbiogeochemical cycleselemental cyclesice sheetstrace elements

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Glaciology
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • Trace elements are vital for biological productivity.
  • Subglacial runoff's role in trace element export is poorly understood.
  • Ice sheets significantly influence global biogeochemical cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Quantify trace element concentrations in subglacial waters from Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets.
  • Assess the significance of subglacial meltwater as a source of trace elements to the ocean.
  • Investigate the impact of ice sheet processes on trace element mobilization and export.

Main Methods:

  • Size-fractionated analysis (0.02, 0.22, 0.45 µm) of trace elements in subglacial water.
  • Comparison of trace element concentrations with global riverine and open ocean values.
  • Flux estimation of trace elements, particularly iron, from Antarctic Ice Sheet to the Southern Ocean.

Main Results:

  • Immobile trace element concentrations in subglacial waters far exceed global averages, indicating significant mineral weathering.
  • Antarctic Ice Sheet waters show higher trace element concentrations than Greenland Ice Sheet waters.
  • Dissolved iron flux from the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the Southern Ocean is an order of magnitude higher than previously estimated.

Conclusions:

  • Ice sheets are significant sources of reactive trace elements to the oceans.
  • Subglacial processes create geochemically reactive particulates that influence elemental cycles.
  • Export of trace elements from melting ice sheets may enhance ocean biological productivity and impact carbon cycling.