Challenges of Precision Medicine for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Based on Human Genome Information

Area of Science:

• Genetics
• Cardiology
• Personalized Medicine

Background:

• Precision medicine is increasingly important, with evidence based on classical risk factors like hypertension and diabetes.
• Classical risk factors often indicate established disease, limiting early intervention.
• Genetic background, particularly for heritable traits like atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), is crucial for personalized approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the importance of integrating genetic information into precision medicine for ASCVD.
• To discuss current methods for implementing genetic-based precision medicine.
• To advocate for comprehensive genetic analyses in clinical practice.

Main Methods:

• Review of current research on precision medicine for ASCVD.
• Examination of genetic approaches including rare variants and polygenic risk scores.
• Emphasis on the synergy between clinical and genetic diagnoses.

Main Results:

• Human genome information is strongly associated with ASCVD risk.
• Two primary genetic strategies are being explored: rare variants with large effects and polygenic risk scores from common variants.
• Clinical and genetic diagnoses are both essential for effective precision medicine.

Conclusions:

• Precision medicine for ASCVD requires a holistic approach, combining traditional risk factors with genetic data.
• Comprehensive genetic analysis, covering both rare and common variations, is vital for personalized ASCVD management.
• Integrating genetic insights enables earlier and more effective interventions in precision medicine.