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Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Stroke Volume01:27

Regulation of Stroke Volume

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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
Preload refers to the degree of stretch on the heart before it contracts. It's analogous to the stretching of a rubber band; the more it's stretched, the more forcefully it snaps back. This concept is encapsulated in the Frank-Starling law of the...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management01:23

Atherosclerosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management for a patient with arteriosclerosis involves a comprehensive approach focusing on lifestyle modification, disease monitoring, education, and symptomatic care. Here is an overview of effective nursing strategies:Assessment and Monitoring: Initial and ongoing assessments are crucial. Nurses must document the patient's medical history, including any hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Assessments also cover family history and lifestyle...
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Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview01:17

Ischemic Heart Disease: Overview

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Ischemic heart disease occurs when the heart's blood supply dwindles, causing an ominous lack of oxygen and nutrients. This deficiency, stemming from reduced or obstructed blood flow, spells danger, leading to heart muscle damage and dysfunction.
Atherosclerosis, the primary malefactor, orchestrates this dangerous condition. It manifests as the accumulation of fatty deposits, akin to insidious plaques, within arterial walls. As time elapses, these plaques metamorphose, hardening and...
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Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:19

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

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The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 29, 2025

A Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Technique for Inducing Post-stroke Depression in Rats
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[COVID-19 and stroke].

Kuniyasu Wada1, Yoichiro Hashimoto1, Makoto Nakajima2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kumamoto City Hospital.

Rinsho Shinkeigaku = Clinical Neurology
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted stroke care, decreasing consultations and procedures. Stroke in COVID-19 patients often presents as ischemic, affects younger individuals, and is linked to high D-dimer levels and cardiovascular risks.

Keywords:
COVID-19cryptogenic strokelarge vessel occlusionprotected code strokestroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted healthcare systems globally.
  • Stroke care pathways experienced disruptions, including reduced patient consultations and fewer thrombectomy procedures.
  • Understanding stroke characteristics in COVID-19 patients is crucial for adapting medical care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the changes in stroke medical care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To elucidate the specific features and incidence of stroke in patients with COVID-19.
  • To introduce the concept of Protected Code Stroke (PCS) for safe and effective treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of changes in stroke care during the pandemic.
  • Analysis of stroke incidence and characteristics in COVID-19 patients.
  • Description of the Protected Code Stroke (PCS) protocol.

Main Results:

  • Stroke incidence in COVID-19 patients is approximately 1.1%.
  • Stroke in COVID-19 patients is predominantly ischemic, with a notable increase in younger individuals.
  • Higher D-dimer levels and pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) are associated with increased stroke risk in elderly COVID-19 patients.
  • Venous thromboembolism is more frequent than arterial thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated significant adaptations in stroke care delivery.
  • Stroke in COVID-19 patients exhibits distinct features requiring tailored management strategies.
  • Protected Code Stroke (PCS) offers a framework for safe, effective, and prompt stroke treatment under infection control measures.