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Comparing rivers to lakes: Implications for drowning prevention.

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Unintentional fatal drownings in Australian rivers and lakes show distinct risk factors. Lake drowning prevention must target children and Indigenous peoples, while remote areas require focused interventions for both river and lake safety.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Environmental Health
  • Injury Prevention

Background:

  • Unintentional fatal drowning is a significant public health issue.
  • Existing river drowning prevention strategies primarily focus on adults and alcohol.
  • There is a need to understand distinct risk factors for drowning in rivers versus lakes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare unintentional fatal drowning incidents in rivers and lakes.
  • To assess the applicability of current river drowning prevention strategies to lake environments.
  • To identify specific risk factors and demographic groups affected by lake drownings.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of coronial data in Australia from 2013 to 2018.
  • Inclusion of 342 unintentional fatal drowning cases in rivers or lakes.
  • Analysis of incidence, fatality rates, relative risk, and risk factors, with a subset analysis of land management for lake drownings.

Main Results:

  • 82% of drownings occurred in rivers.
  • Lake drownings were more prevalent among children (0-17 years), Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, and those using watercraft or swimming.
  • River drownings frequently involved falls into water and alcohol; remote areas showed elevated drowning risk for both water bodies.

Conclusions:

  • Lake drowning prevention requires tailored strategies focusing on children, Indigenous populations, and recreational users, differing from river strategies.
  • High fatal drowning rates in remote rivers and lakes necessitate targeted prevention efforts.
  • Integrating drowning prevention into land and water management plans and engaging diverse stakeholders, including Indigenous communities, is crucial for lake safety.