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Long-term healthcare provider availability following large-scale hurricanes: A difference-in-differences study.

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Large hurricanes like Katrina and Sandy reduced the number of primary care physicians and specialists available in affected areas for years. This impacts long-term community health and disaster recovery efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Disaster Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy significantly impacted community health and healthcare access.
  • Previous research has not rigorously examined healthcare provider availability post-disaster.
  • Understanding provider availability is crucial for disaster recovery and public health resilience.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the short-term and long-term availability of healthcare providers following large-scale hurricanes.
  • To analyze the impact of hurricanes on primary care physicians, medical specialists, surgeons, and nurse practitioners.

Main Methods:

  • A quasi-experimental study using historical healthcare provider data (National Plan and Provider Enumeration System) and county-level population data.
  • Difference-in-differences analysis comparing affected and unaffected counties before and up to five years after Hurricanes Katrina and Sandy.
  • Separate examination of primary care physicians, medical specialists, surgeons, and nurse practitioners.

Main Results:

  • Hurricane Katrina significantly decreased the availability of primary care physicians (3.59/10,000), medical specialists (5.9/10,000), and surgeons (2.1/10,000) in affected counties.
  • Nurse practitioner availability remained largely unchanged after Hurricane Katrina.
  • Hurricane Sandy showed less pronounced, statistically insignificant changes in provider availability.

Conclusions:

  • Large-scale hurricanes can reduce healthcare provider availability for several years post-impact.
  • Primary care physicians and medical specialists are most affected, with potential long-term implications for population health during disaster recovery.
  • The impact on provider availability varies based on community characteristics.