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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...

Seizures: Classification

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

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Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A Pipeline for 3D Multimodality Image Integration and Computer-assisted Planning in Epilepsy Surgery

A Pipeline for 3D Multimodality Image Integration and Computer-assisted Planning in Epilepsy Surgery

Published on: May 20, 2016

Patient navigation in epilepsy care.

Sharath Kumar Anand¹, Mohamed Macki², Lauren G Culver¹

¹Wayne State University School of Medicine, 540 E Canfield St., Detroit, MI, USA.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B

|November 24, 2020

Summary

Patient navigation programs can improve care for epilepsy patients facing barriers. Professional societies should support these programs for better epilepsy care coordination.

Keywords:

COVID-19 pandemic Nurse navigation Socioeconomic disparities

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Area of Science:

Healthcare Management
Patient Advocacy
Neurology

Background:

Patient navigation, originating in oncology, coordinates care and offers social support.
Cancer patient navigation has demonstrated significant improvements in patient experience.
Epilepsy care is hindered by socioeconomic and systemic barriers, increasing patient risk.

Discussion:

The COVID-19 pandemic has worsened existing gaps in epilepsy care delivery.
Preliminary research suggests patient navigation can enhance epilepsy care.
Patient navigation addresses barriers similar to those faced by disadvantaged cancer patients.

Key Insights:

Patient navigation effectively coordinates multidisciplinary care teams, patients, and families.
Implementing patient navigation in epilepsy care can mitigate risks of morbidity and mortality.
Successful patient navigation models from oncology can be adapted for neurological conditions.

Outlook:

Professional societies should advocate for and support patient navigation programs in epilepsy care.
Expanding patient navigation can lead to more comprehensive and coordinated epilepsy management.
Further research is warranted to establish best practices for patient navigation in epilepsy.