Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

3.9K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
3.9K
Carbohydrate Metabolism01:36

Carbohydrate Metabolism

13.1K
Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in...
13.1K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

15.1K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
15.1K
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

4.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
4.4K
Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

1.8K
The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
1.8K
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

2.6K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility,...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Tuning Adhesion through 3D Mesogen Alignment in Liquid Crystalline Elastomers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Long QT syndrome and hypoglycemia in a postbariatric surgery patient with a likely pathogenic variant in <i>KCNE1</i>.

JCEM case reports·2026
Same author

Insulin/IGF signaling in islet biology and its therapeutic implications.

Endocrine reviews·2026
Same author

The density of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes in oesophago-gastric cancer varies with disease stage, geographical region and treatment: a post hoc analysis of nine phase III clinical trials.

Gastric cancer : official journal of the International Gastric Cancer Association and the Japanese Gastric Cancer Association·2026
Same author

A Phase Ib/II Study of Pemigatinib in Combination with Paclitaxel in Patients with Gastric Cancer with FGFs/FGFRs Alterations.

Cancer research and treatment·2026
Same author

Proteomic analyses of human islets reveal potential markers of β cell dysfunction during prediabetes.

JCI insight·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet &#946;-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.4K

Epigenetics in β-cell adaptation and type 2 diabetes.

Hyunki Kim1, Rohit N Kulkarni1

  • 1Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Current Opinion in Pharmacology
|November 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic changes, not DNA sequence variations, are crucial for pancreatic beta-cell function and adaptation. Understanding these epigenetic mechanisms is key to addressing type 2 diabetes prevalence.

More Related Videos

Assessing Replication and Beta Cell Function in Adenovirally-transduced Isolated Rodent Islets
09:31

Assessing Replication and Beta Cell Function in Adenovirally-transduced Isolated Rodent Islets

Published on: June 25, 2012

14.3K
Sustained Administration of &#946;-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet &#946;-cell Replication Discovery Platform
09:35

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet β-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Published on: July 16, 2016

11.4K
Assessing Replication and Beta Cell Function in Adenovirally-transduced Isolated Rodent Islets
09:31

Assessing Replication and Beta Cell Function in Adenovirally-transduced Isolated Rodent Islets

Published on: June 25, 2012

14.3K
Sustained Administration of &#946;-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres
09:31

Sustained Administration of β-cell Mitogens to Intact Mouse Islets Ex Vivo Using Biodegradable Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Microspheres

Published on: November 5, 2016

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Pancreatic beta-cells maintain blood glucose homeostasis by adapting to insulin resistance.
  • Failure of beta-cell adaptation is a primary cause of type 2 diabetes.
  • Genetic factors alone do not fully explain the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic mechanisms in beta-cell adaptation.
  • To explore epigenetic contributions to the development of type 2 diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on epigenetics and beta-cell biology.
  • Focus on DNA methylation, histone modification, non-coding RNAs, chromatin structure, and RNA modifications.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic alterations significantly impact beta-cell function and adaptation.
  • Changes in three-dimensional chromatin structure and RNA modifications are implicated in type 2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics plays a critical role in beta-cell adaptation and type 2 diabetes pathogenesis.
  • Further research into epigenetic mechanisms is essential for understanding and potentially treating type 2 diabetes.