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Increased risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes in inflammatory bowel disease
Zhihui Li1, Lili Qiao1, Xiaojing Yun1
1Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, the Second Hospital of Liaocheng affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, China.
Insights
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face a higher risk of developing ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes. Regular monitoring of IHD biomarkers and blood glucose is recommended for early detection in IBD patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Gastroenterology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Inconsistent findings exist regarding the link between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes.
- This meta-analysis aimed to clarify these associations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the risk of IHD and diabetes in patients diagnosed with IBD.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on IBD's impact on cardiovascular and metabolic health.
Main Methods:
- A systematic meta-analysis was conducted, searching major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, Google Scholar) for relevant studies published before February 2020.
- Statistical analysis using STATA 13.0 computed odds ratios (OR) or relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine the association between IBD and the risk of IHD or diabetes.
Main Results:
- IBD is significantly associated with an increased risk of IHD (OR/RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.20-1.32) and diabetes (OR/RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03-1.53).
- Both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), subtypes of IBD, showed elevated risks for IHD and diabetes.
- Specifically, UC demonstrated increased IHD risk (OR/RR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.13-1.26) and diabetes risk (OR/RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.03-1.71).
- CD also showed increased IHD risk (OR/RR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.17-1.51) and diabetes risk (OR/RR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.10-1.76).
Conclusions:
- Individuals with IBD have a demonstrably higher risk of developing IHD and diabetes.
- Routine monitoring for IHD biomarkers and blood glucose levels is crucial for early detection and management in IBD patients.
- These findings underscore the importance of integrated care approaches for IBD patients, addressing both gastrointestinal and comorbid conditions.
Background:
Previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and diabetes. The present study aimed to make a meta-analysis to assess the risk of IHD and diabetes in IBD.
Methods:
We searched for articles published before February 2020 in the databases as follows: PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. We computed odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) regarding the association between IBD and risk of IHD or diabetes by using STATA 13.0 software.
Results:
The present meta-analysis showed that IBD was associated with higher risk of IHD (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.20 to 1.32, I2 = 88.3 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were associated with higher risk of IHD (UC: OR/RR = 1.19, 95 % CI 1.13 to 1.26, I2 = 65.6 %, p = 0.001; CD: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.17 to 1.51, I2 = 89.5 %, p < 0.0001). The study showed that IBD was associated with elevated risk of diabetes (OR/RR = 1.26, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.53, I2 = 92.1 %, I2 = 92.1 %, p < 0.0001). Additionally, both UC and CD were associated with higher risk of diabetes (UC: OR/RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.03 to 1.71, I2 = 93.8 %, p < 0.0001; CD: OR/RR = 1.39, 95 % CI 1.10 to 1.76, I2 = 76.7 %, p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
In conclusion, patients with IBD are at increased risk of IHD and diabetes. Thus, regular monitoring of biomarkers of IHD and blood glucose levels should be considered for the early detection of IHD and diabetes in IBD patients.
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