Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

460
Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
460
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

13.7K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
13.7K
Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

304
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
304
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

451
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
451
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

71.4K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
71.4K
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

48.6K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
48.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Peripartum ALT Flares Predict Earlier Postpartum HBeAg Clearance in Highly Viremic HBV-Infected Women: A Long-term Follow-up Study.

JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology·2026
Same author

Pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis in a tertiary center in Taiwan: A cohort study.

Pediatrics and neonatology·2026
Same author

Multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring for evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux mimics in infants with comorbidities.

Pediatrics and neonatology·2025
Same author

Asian-Pacific perspectives on the management of very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease.

Intestinal research·2025
Same author

Exploratory analysis of lamivudine legacy and clonal selection of HBs truncation mutants in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

Infectious agents and cancer·2025
Same author

Gut microbiota and metabolomic alterations in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Clinical and experimental pediatrics·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Single Cell Micro-aspiration as an Alternative Strategy to Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Giant Virus Mixture Separation
09:50

Single Cell Micro-aspiration as an Alternative Strategy to Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Giant Virus Mixture Separation

Published on: October 27, 2019

7.4K

Host Range and Coding Potential of Eukaryotic Giant Viruses.

Tsu-Wang Sun1,2, Chia-Ling Yang1, Tzu-Tong Kao1

  • 1Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.

Viruses
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Giant viruses, large DNA viruses, infect diverse eukaryotes and possess complex gene functions. Recent research reveals their extensive host range and sophisticated cellular control mechanisms, expanding our understanding of virology.

Keywords:
Nucleo-Cytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDVs)algaeauxiliary genescophylogenygene repertoiregenome evolutionhost switchlateral gene transfersprotistsvirus-encoded metabolism

More Related Videos

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.7K
Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
10:11

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

36.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Single Cell Micro-aspiration as an Alternative Strategy to Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Giant Virus Mixture Separation
09:50

Single Cell Micro-aspiration as an Alternative Strategy to Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Giant Virus Mixture Separation

Published on: October 27, 2019

7.4K
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses
12:20

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes: A Functional Genomics Tool for the Study of Positive-strand RNA Viruses

Published on: December 29, 2015

21.7K
Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes
10:11

Modeling The Lifecycle Of Ebola Virus Under Biosafety Level 2 Conditions With Virus-like Particles Containing Tetracistronic Minigenomes

Published on: September 27, 2014

36.8K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Giant viruses, characterized by large virion and genome size, have redefined traditional virus definitions.
  • Recent discoveries have significantly expanded knowledge of their host diversity, genetic functions, and evolutionary origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on giant virus host diversity, functional potential, and evolutionary history.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding giant virus interactions with eukaryotic hosts.

Main Methods:

  • Review of newly isolated strains and sequenced genomes from the past two decades.
  • Analysis of laboratory experiments and comparative genomics data.
  • Examination of evolutionary genomics studies on viral gene repertoires.

Main Results:

  • Giant viruses infect hosts across all major eukaryotic supergroups, primarily microbial organisms.
  • Specific viral families like Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae exhibit broad host ranges and high environmental abundance.
  • These viruses encode proteins involved in complex cellular processes, including genetic information flow and metabolism.

Conclusions:

  • Giant viruses possess unprecedented functional capabilities, enabling sophisticated control over intracellular conditions and host-environment interactions.
  • Continued exploration of giant viruses in diverse environments is crucial for understanding their ecological roles and coevolution with hosts.