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Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
435
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
715
General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

601
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

121
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

141
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Anesthesia and Intubation of Preadolescent Mouse Pups for Cardiothoracic Surgery
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Hot Topics in Safety for Pediatric Anesthesia.

Amanda N Lorinc1, Camila B Walters1, Hannah K Lovejoy1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Anesthesia, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric anesthesia has unique risks, but significant safety improvements have been made through collaborative efforts and quality initiatives. These advancements enhance patient safety in pediatric perioperative care.

Keywords:
patient safetypediatric anesthesiaperioperative safety events

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Pediatric anesthesia presents higher risks than adult anesthesia due to physiological differences in children.
  • Patient safety is a paramount concern in anesthesiology, a leading medical specialty.
  • Understanding and mitigating risks in pediatric anesthesia is crucial for improving outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and describe the most critical safety topics in pediatric anesthesia.
  • To review current efforts and initiatives aimed at reducing risks in pediatric perioperative care.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of advancements in pediatric anesthesia safety.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature and safety initiatives in pediatric anesthesiology.
  • Analysis of data from multi-institutional research and quality improvement projects.
  • Examination of collaborative efforts in monitoring common pediatric perioperative events.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric anesthesiology has seen substantial progress in patient safety.
  • Key safety topics and risk amelioration strategies have been identified.
  • Collaborative initiatives like Wake Up Safe are effectively monitoring perioperative events.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric anesthesiology has significantly enhanced patient perioperative safety.
  • Specialty societies, quality committees, and research collaborations have driven these improvements.
  • Ongoing monitoring and quality improvement initiatives continue to advance safety in pediatric anesthesia.