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Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

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The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
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The Vestibular System01:29

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The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Testing of all Six Semicircular Canals with Video Head Impulse Test Systems
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Vestibular Functioning in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders Using the Functional Head Impulse Test.

Simona Caldani1,2, Moetez Baghdadi1,2, Ana Moscoso3

  • 1MoDyCo, UMR7114, CNRS Paris University, 92001 Nanterre, France.

Brain Sciences
|November 25, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) show impaired vestibular system function. The functional head impulse test (fHIT) revealed lower vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) responses in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and reading impairment.

Keywords:
atypical brain developmentetiologyneurodevelopmental disordersvestibular and visual systems

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pediatrics
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) like autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and reading impairment are increasingly linked to vestibular system dysfunction.
  • The cerebellum's complex relationship with the vestibular system is a key area of investigation in NDDs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the functional vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in children diagnosed with NDDs.
  • To assess the performance of the vestibular system in children with ASD, ADHD, and reading impairment compared to neurotypical children.

Main Methods:

  • The study enrolled 80 children across four groups: ASD, ADHD, reading impairment, and typically developing (TD).
  • The functional head impulse test (fHIT) was employed to measure VOR responses by assessing correct optotype identification during passive head impulses.

Main Results:

  • Children with NDDs exhibited significantly lower correct response rates on the fHIT compared to TD children (p < 0.0001).
  • No significant differences in VOR performance were found among the three NDD groups (ASD, ADHD, reading impairment).

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary evidence suggests altered vestibular system efficiency in children with NDDs.
  • VOR abnormalities detected by fHIT may serve as a potential biomarker for NDDs in pediatric populations.