Atomic-level tungsten doping triggered low overpotential for electrocatalytic water splitting

The design of electrocatalysts with lower overpotential is of great significance for water splitting. Herein, cobalt hydroxide carbonate (CCH) has been used as a model to demonstrate the boost of its oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity by atomic doping of W⁶⁺ (W-CCH). The 5 at % W doping reduced the OER overpotential of CCH by 95.3 mV at 15 mA cm^-2, and increased the current density by 2.8 times at 1.65 V. 5%W-PCCH || 5%W-CCH-based electrolyzer only required a potential of 1.65 V to afford 10 mA cm^-2 for full water splitting. The W⁶⁺ in CCH are active sites for O₂^- adsorption and induced an incesaed electron density near the Fermi level, which facilitates the charge transfer during electrocatalysis. The W⁶⁺ doping has been validated as an efficient booster for transition-metal carbonate hydroxides-based electrocatalysts, which has half or more than half-filled d-bands.