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Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline
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Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Active ERK in the C. elegans Germline

Published on: November 29, 2016

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RSK2 and ERα comrades-in-arms in homeostasis and transformation

Katarzyna A Ludwik1, Deborah A Lannigan1,2,3

  • 1Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Molecular & Cellular Oncology
|November 25, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Estrogen

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology and molecular biology, focusing on hormone signaling pathways.

Background:

  • Estrogen's physiological effects vary with developmental stage.
  • ERK1/2 and RSK2 are key intracellular signaling molecules.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of ERK1/2 and RSK2 in adult estrogen response.
  • To investigate the regulatory mechanism of RSK2 on ERK1/2 activity.
  • To explore the association of RSK2 with breast cancer and oral contraceptives.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo and in vitro studies on adult subjects.
  • Analysis of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) signaling.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to identify associations with disease and drug data.

Main Results:

  • In adults, estrogen response is mediated by ERK1/2.
  • RSK2, a downstream effector of ERK1/2, regulates oxidative stress to limit continuous ERK1/2 activity.
  • Bioinformatic analysis indicated a link between RSK2, breast cancer risk, and oral contraceptive use.

Conclusions:

  • RSK2 acts as a negative regulator of ERK1/2 signaling in adult estrogen response by managing oxidative stress.
  • RSK2's association with breast cancer risk and oral contraceptives warrants further investigation.
Keywords:
ERK1/2EstrogenRSK2breast cancerestrous cycleexogenous estrogensoral contraceptivesp90 ribosomal S6 kinasep90RSK2

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