Long Non-coding RNAs as Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke: a Comprehensive Review

In recent years, ischemic stroke (IS) has been one of the major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. The general mechanism of IS is based on reduced blood supply to neuronal tissue, resulting in neuronal cell damage by various pathological reactions. One of the main techniques for acute IS treatment entails advanced surgical approaches for restoration of cerebral blood supply but this is often associated with secondary brain injury, also known as ischemic reperfusion injury (I/R injury). Many researches have come to emphasize the significant role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in IS, especially in I/R injury and their potential as therapeutic approaches. LncRNAs are non-protein transcripts that are able to regulate cellular processes and gene expression. Further, lncRNAs have been shown to be involved in neuronal signaling pathways. Several lncRNAs are recognized as key factors in the physiological and pathological processes of IS. In this review, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in neuronal injury mechanisms and their association with brain neuroprotection. Moreover, we identify the lncRNAs that show the greatest potential as novel therapeutic approaches in IS, which therefore merit further investigation in preclinical research. Graphical Abstract.