Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System01:22

Introduction to Lymphatic and Immune System

15.4K
Immunity is a crucial biological concept about our body's inherent capacity to prevent infections and diseases. A complex network of cells and tissues collectively known as the immune system facilitates this natural defense mechanism. The immune system plays an integral role in maintaining our health and well-being, shielding us from potential health threats.
The immune responses can be categorized into two types: innate and adaptive. Innate immunity comprises nonspecific defenses we are...
15.4K
Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System01:28

Functions of the Lymphatic and Immune System

5.4K
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in bolstering our immune system. It consists of a network of lymphoid organs, lymph, and lymphatic vessels that provide structural and functional support in safeguarding the body against pathogens such as viruses and bacteria.
The primary lymphoid organs, including the bone marrow and the thymus, serve as the maturation sites for lymphocytes. Secondary lymphoid organs, like the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, activate these lymphocytes and serve as...
5.4K
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

7.2K
The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
7.2K
Osmoregulation in Insects01:47

Osmoregulation in Insects

17.1K
Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.
17.1K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

122.5K
Overview
122.5K
Overview of the Vascular System01:20

Overview of the Vascular System

3.3K
The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
3.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapping Plasmodium transitions and interactions in the Anopheles female.

Nature·2025
Same author

Warmer Temperature Accelerates the Aging-Dependent Decrease in Female Ovary Size, Delays Male Accessory Gland Development, and Accelerates Aging-Dependent Changes in Reproductive Gene Expression in <i>Anopheles gambiae</i> Mosquitoes.

Insects·2025
Same author

Mapping <i>Plasmodium</i> transitions and interactions in the <i>Anopheles</i> female.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2024
Same author

Yeast encapsulation of photosensitive insecticides increases toxicity against mosquito larvae while protecting microorganisms.

PloS one·2024
Same author

Senescence of humoral antimicrobial immunity occurs in infected mosquitoes when the temperature is higher.

The Journal of experimental biology·2024
Same author

Warmer environmental temperature accelerates aging in mosquitoes, decreasing longevity and worsening infection outcomes.

Immunity & ageing : I & A·2024
Same journal

Spatiotemporal control of myoblast identity drives muscle diversity in the <i>Drosophila</i> leg.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Stellar feedback drives the baryon deficiency in low-mass galaxies.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Antiferroelectric thin films embedded with ferroelectric switching loop for giant negative electrocaloric effect.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Tetraphosphorylated phthalocyanine-based self-assembled monolayer stabilizes perovskite photovoltaics.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Dual-mode analysis of ischemic stroke based on urine SERS spectra and carotid B-ultrasound.

Science advances·2026
Same journal

Remote homology and functional genetics unmask deeply preserved Scm3/HJURP orthologs in metazoans.

Science advances·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response
13:04

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

Published on: May 7, 2012

19.0K

The immune and circulatory systems are functionally integrated across insect evolution.

Yan Yan1, Julián F Hillyer2

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, VU Station B 35-1634, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.

Science Advances
|November 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insects, like mammals, integrate immune and circulatory functions. Infection triggers immune cell aggregation on insect hearts, a conserved trait across diverse insect species.

More Related Videos

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response
08:24

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Published on: January 12, 2017

8.2K
A Simple Protocol for Extracting Hemocytes from Wild Caterpillars
07:35

A Simple Protocol for Extracting Hemocytes from Wild Caterpillars

Published on: November 15, 2012

16.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 28, 2025

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response
13:04

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

Published on: May 7, 2012

19.0K
Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response
08:24

Inoculating Anopheles gambiae Mosquitoes with Beads to Induce and Measure the Melanization Immune Response

Published on: January 12, 2017

8.2K
A Simple Protocol for Extracting Hemocytes from Wild Caterpillars
07:35

A Simple Protocol for Extracting Hemocytes from Wild Caterpillars

Published on: November 15, 2012

16.5K

Area of Science:

  • Insect immunology
  • Comparative physiology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Mammalian immune and circulatory systems exhibit functional integration (e.g., spleen, lymph nodes).
  • Mosquitoes (Anopheles gambiae) show infection-induced hemocyte aggregation around heart valves, suggesting similar integration.
  • The prevalence of this integration across Insecta was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the functional integration of immune and circulatory systems is a general characteristic of insects.
  • To determine if infection-induced hemocyte aggregation on the heart is conserved across major insect lineages.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hemocyte and pathogen aggregation on the heart in 68 insect species from 51 families and 16 orders.
  • Expanded investigation in Aedes aegypti (mosquito) and Cimex lectularius (bed bug) to observe hemocyte behavior and hemolymph flow patterns.

Main Results:

  • Infection consistently induced hemocyte and pathogen aggregation on the heart across all major insect groups analyzed.
  • Phagocytic hemocytes aggregated on insect hearts, with aggregation patterns correlating with hemolymph flow in both Aedes aegypti and Cimex lectularius.
  • This phenomenon was observed in both holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects.

Conclusions:

  • The functional integration of immune and circulatory systems is a conserved trait throughout the class Insecta.
  • Heart-associated immune responses are a widespread feature of insect immunity.
  • Hemocyte aggregation on the heart, influenced by hemolymph flow, represents a fundamental aspect of insect immune defense.