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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

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The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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2.6K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

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1.2K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Control of the noncollinear interlayer exchange coupling.

Zachary R Nunn1, Claas Abert2,3, Dieter Suess4,3

  • 1Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. znunn@sfu.ca egirt@sfu.ca claas.abert@univie.ac.at.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers precisely control magnetic alignment in spintronic devices using specially designed spacer layers. This breakthrough enables new magnetic structures and improves existing spintronic device applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Interlayer exchange coupling in transition metal multilayers is crucial for spintronic devices.
  • Current methods primarily achieve collinear magnetic alignment.
  • Controlling the coupling angle offers potential for expanded spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate precise control over the magnetic coupling angle between ferromagnetic layers.
  • To investigate the role of spacer layer composition in determining the coupling angle.
  • To enhance biquadratic coupling strength for noncollinear magnetic alignment.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of transition metal multilayers with specially designed magnetic metallic spacer layers.
  • Experimental investigation of interlayer exchange coupling properties.
  • Analysis of the relationship between spacer layer composition and magnetic coupling characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Precise control of the coupling angle between magnetic moments is achieved.
  • The coupling angle is solely determined by the spacer layer's composition.
  • Biquadratic coupling strength, enabling noncollinear alignment, is significantly increased compared to current materials.

Conclusions:

  • A novel method for controlling magnetic coupling angles in spintronic multilayers has been developed.
  • The findings pave the way for fabricating and studying new magnetic structures.
  • This advancement holds potential for improving the performance of existing spintronic devices.