SARS-CoV-2 Aiming for the Heart: A Multicenter Italian Perspective About Cardiovascular Issues in COVID-19

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathophysiology

Background:

• The global impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to strain healthcare systems worldwide.
• COVID-19 presents with unpredictable symptoms, often exacerbated by advanced age, malnutrition, and cardiovascular comorbidities.
• The virus primarily affects the lungs but can lead to fatal cardiovascular consequences in susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

• To elucidate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from a cardiological perspective.
• To highlight the major cellular and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 affecting the cardiovascular system.
• To emphasize the importance of a cardiology-focused approach to understanding and managing COVID-19.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its cardiovascular implications.
• Analysis of cellular mechanisms and clinical presentations of cardiac involvement in COVID-19.
• Emphasis on the cardiological perspective of viral transmission and its effects.

Main Results:

• SARS-CoV-2 can induce myocardial injuries, vasculitis-like syndromes, and atherothrombotic events.
• Electrocardiogram abnormalities may indicate pericardial effusion or cardiac inflammation.
• Microthrombi can lead to ischemic damage, stroke, and autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

• COVID-19 presents significant cardiovascular challenges, including arrhythmias, coronary syndromes, and thrombotic events.
• Tailored cardiological interventions are essential for managing reduced ejection fraction, autonomic dysfunction, and thrombosis.
• Further research and global assessment of therapeutic strategies are needed for effective evidence-based treatments.