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SARS-CoV-2 Aiming for the Heart: A Multicenter Italian Perspective About Cardiovascular Issues in COVID-19

Matteo Briguglio1, Mauro Porta2, Francesca Zuffada3

  • 1IRCCS Orthopedic Institute Galeazzi, Scientific Direction, Milan, Italy.

Frontiers in Physiology
|November 26, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes severe cardiovascular complications, including myocardial injury and thrombosis. Understanding these cardiac effects is crucial for developing effective treatments for COVID-19 patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • The global impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to strain healthcare systems worldwide.
  • COVID-19 presents with unpredictable symptoms, often exacerbated by advanced age, malnutrition, and cardiovascular comorbidities.
  • The virus primarily affects the lungs but can lead to fatal cardiovascular consequences in susceptible individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from a cardiological perspective.
  • To highlight the major cellular and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 affecting the cardiovascular system.
  • To emphasize the importance of a cardiology-focused approach to understanding and managing COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on SARS-CoV-2 infection and its cardiovascular implications.
  • Analysis of cellular mechanisms and clinical presentations of cardiac involvement in COVID-19.
  • Emphasis on the cardiological perspective of viral transmission and its effects.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 can induce myocardial injuries, vasculitis-like syndromes, and atherothrombotic events.
  • Electrocardiogram abnormalities may indicate pericardial effusion or cardiac inflammation.
  • Microthrombi can lead to ischemic damage, stroke, and autonomic dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 presents significant cardiovascular challenges, including arrhythmias, coronary syndromes, and thrombotic events.
  • Tailored cardiological interventions are essential for managing reduced ejection fraction, autonomic dysfunction, and thrombosis.
  • Further research and global assessment of therapeutic strategies are needed for effective evidence-based treatments.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2cardiovascular systemcoronavirushost-pathogen interactionsinfectionsquality of health carevirulence

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