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Related Concept Videos

Hematopoiesis01:21

Hematopoiesis

7.8K
The process of blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Hematopoiesis starts early during development, on the seventh day of embryogenesis. This phase of hematopoiesis is called the primitive wave, wherein the extraembryonic yolk sac allows the production of erythroid cells and endothelial cells from a common precursor called hemangioblast. The erythroid cells provide oxygen to support the growth of the rapidly dividing embryo. Hemangioblasts later develop into hematopoietic stem cells or...
7.8K
Overview of Hematopoiesis01:20

Overview of Hematopoiesis

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Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...
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Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:19

Multipotency of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Lineage Commitment01:21

Lineage Commitment

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Commitment is the  process whereby stem cells:
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Production of Formed Elements01:34

Production of Formed Elements

3.2K
Hemangioblasts are multipotent stem cells originating from the mesoderm. They give rise to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which undergo hematopoiesis to produce all the formed elements of blood. This process is regulated by a complex network of hematopoietic growth factors, including transcription factors, growth factors, and cytokines. These factors stimulate the HSCs to divide and differentiate, though some HSCs remain undifferentiated to maintain a self-renewing pool.
Most HSCs commit to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 28, 2025

Bone Marrow Transplantation Procedures in Mice to Study Clonal Hematopoiesis
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Clonal Hematopoiesis Before, During, and After Human Spaceflight.

Nuria Mencia-Trinchant1, Matthew J MacKay2, Christopher Chin3

  • 1Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

Cell Reports
|November 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Astronauts show early signs of clonal hematopoiesis (CH), a condition linked to cancer and heart disease. Longitudinal monitoring of CH may help assess health risks for space travelers.

Keywords:
CHIPDNMT3ANASATET2astronautclonal hematopoiesisradiationvariant allele frequency

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Area of Science:

  • Space medicine
  • Genetics
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) involves blood cell mutations that increase cancer and cardiovascular disease risk.
  • Understanding CH in astronauts is crucial due to unique environmental exposures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clonal hematopoiesis in twin astronauts over four years.
  • To compare CH development in astronauts to controls and radiotherapy patients.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of astronaut blood samples using targeted CH panel, linked-read whole-genome sequencing, and deep RNA sequencing.
  • Longitudinal cohort study of 157 cancer patients for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct CH mutational profiles in each twin, including TET2 and DNMT3A mutations.
  • Observed CH in astronauts nearly two decades earlier than the average detection age.
  • Demonstrated larger clone size shifts in astronauts compared to controls and radiotherapy patients.

Conclusions:

  • Astronauts exhibit CH earlier and with more significant clone expansion than typically observed.
  • Longitudinal CH monitoring could be a key indicator of cancer and cardiovascular risk in astronauts.
  • This study highlights the importance of understanding CH for astronaut health and long-term space exploration.